Post Test: American Literature Through The Eighteenth Century

Post-Test: American Literature Through the Eighteenth Century

This comprehensive post-test covers key literary works and movements in American literature from its beginnings to the end of the eighteenth century. It aims to assess your understanding of major themes, authors, and historical contexts. While this isn't a graded exam, thoughtfully answering these questions will solidify your grasp of this important period in American literary history.

Section 1: Early American Literature (Pre-1700s)

This section focuses on the foundational texts that laid the groundwork for later American literary development. Remember to consider the historical context and the unique challenges faced by early American writers.

1. What were the primary purposes of early American writing? Provide specific examples from different genres.

Consider the roles of religious instruction, practical guidance, historical record-keeping, and political commentary. Examples might include the sermons of Jonathan Edwards, the personal narratives of Mary Rowlandson, or the political writings of the era. Analyze how these purposes shaped the style and content of the literature.

2. Discuss the influence of Puritanism on the literature of this period. How did Puritan beliefs shape the themes, style, and structure of literary works?

Analyze the emphasis on religious piety, predestination, and the relationship between humanity and God. Examine how these beliefs manifested in works like Anne Bradstreet's poetry and the sermons of John Winthrop. Consider the plain style of Puritan writing and its intended audience.

3. Compare and contrast the writing styles of Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor. How did their personal experiences and beliefs influence their poetic expression?

Analyze Bradstreet's more personal and domestic themes contrasted with Taylor's intensely religious and metaphysical poetry. Consider the use of metaphor, imagery, and symbolism in their work. Discuss the differences between their approaches to expressing faith and emotion.

4. Explain the significance of the captivity narrative genre. How did these narratives reflect the anxieties and realities of life in early America?

Discuss the popularity of captivity narratives, such as Mary Rowlandson's narrative, and their role in shaping public perception of Native Americans and the dangers of frontier life. Examine the psychological and spiritual aspects of captivity narratives and their use as cautionary tales.

Section 2: The Enlightenment and the Rise of American Identity (1700-1775)

This period witnesses the growth of rationalism, the rise of political thought, and the burgeoning of a distinct American identity.

5. How did the Enlightenment influence American literature? What are some key characteristics of Enlightenment thinking found in the literature of this period?

Discuss the emphasis on reason, logic, and empirical observation that characterized Enlightenment thinking. Examine how these principles manifested in the works of writers like Benjamin Franklin and in the development of political pamphlets and essays. Analyze the shift away from purely religious concerns towards a focus on human potential and societal progress.

6. Analyze Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. What are its key themes, and how does Franklin present himself to the reader?

Examine the themes of self-improvement, practicality, and the pursuit of success. Discuss Franklin's depiction of himself as a model of self-made success, and analyze the literary techniques he employs to convey his narrative. Consider his use of aphorisms and the overall tone of his writing.

7. Discuss the role of satire and political writing in the lead-up to the American Revolution. Provide specific examples and analyze their effectiveness.

Discuss the use of satire and political pamphlets to criticize the British government and rally support for independence. Analyze the effectiveness of writers like Thomas Paine in swaying public opinion and mobilizing support for the Revolution. Examine the use of rhetoric and persuasive language in this context.

8. Compare and contrast the writing styles of Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin. How do their different backgrounds and beliefs shape their respective works?

Analyze the contrast between Edwards's intensely religious and emotional style and Franklin's pragmatic and rational approach. Discuss how their different theological and philosophical viewpoints shaped their writing. Consider the intended audiences for their respective works.

Section 3: The Revolutionary Period and Early Republic (1775-1800)

This section focuses on the literature produced during and after the American Revolution, reflecting the new nation's struggles and aspirations.

9. Analyze Thomas Paine's Common Sense. What arguments does he make, and what is its significance in the lead-up to the American Revolution?

Examine Paine's arguments for American independence and his appeal to common sense and reason. Analyze the impact of his work on public opinion and its contribution to the revolutionary cause. Discuss the clarity and emotional power of Paine's writing style.

10. Discuss the significance of the Declaration of Independence as a literary document. How does it employ rhetoric and persuasive techniques to achieve its purpose?

Analyze the Declaration's use of powerful language, rhetorical devices, and appeals to natural rights. Discuss its enduring influence on American political thought and its status as a foundational document for the nation. Analyze the structure and stylistic choices employed in the document.

11. How did the American Revolution impact the development of American literature? What new themes and concerns emerged in the literature of this period?

Discuss the rise of national identity, political discourse, and the exploration of freedom and self-governance as prominent themes. Analyze how the Revolution shaped the literary landscape and paved the way for new forms of expression.

12. What were some of the challenges faced by early American writers in establishing a distinct national literature?

Consider the influence of British literary traditions and the need to create a literature that reflected the unique experiences and values of the new nation. Discuss the efforts of early American writers to establish an independent literary identity.

Section 4: Expanding Themes and Genres (Late 18th Century)

The late 18th century saw diversification in literary genres and themes, reflecting the changing social and political landscape.

13. Discuss the development of the American novel in the late 18th century. What were some of the early examples, and what themes did they explore?

Examine the emergence of the novel as a significant literary genre and discuss some early examples. Analyze the themes explored in these early American novels, such as character development, social commentary, and explorations of national identity.

14. How did the rise of sentimentalism and domestic fiction affect American literature? Provide examples.

Analyze the popularity of sentimental novels emphasizing emotion, morality, and domestic life. Discuss how sentimentalism shaped literary styles and impacted the representation of women and family in literature. Examine the relationship between sentimentalism and social reform.

15. Discuss the importance of letters and journals as literary forms in the 18th century. How did these forms provide insights into the lives and thoughts of individuals?

Analyze the significance of personal correspondence and diaries as sources of historical information and literary expression. Discuss how these forms offered intimate glimpses into the lives, thoughts, and experiences of individuals during this period. Consider their value as primary source materials.

Section 5: Looking Ahead

This final section encourages reflection on the literary legacy of the period and its connections to later eras.

16. How did the literature of the eighteenth century shape the development of American literature in subsequent periods?

Discuss the lasting influence of eighteenth-century writers and literary movements on later American literature. Analyze the continuities and changes in themes, styles, and concerns between the eighteenth century and subsequent periods.

17. What are some of the key debates and controversies surrounding the interpretation of eighteenth-century American literature today?

Discuss ongoing critical discussions about authorship, cultural context, and literary interpretation in the context of eighteenth-century American literature. Consider how contemporary perspectives challenge or reinterpret traditional interpretations.

This extensive post-test offers a robust review of American literature from its inception through the eighteenth century. Thorough consideration of these questions will solidify your understanding of this pivotal period in American literary history and its ongoing relevance. Remember to engage with the primary texts to deepen your understanding and refine your analytical skills.